Data on surface water bodies like rivers, dams, reservoirs, and related  flow characteristics, along with assessments for water risks, stress, and flood risk. 

freshwater

Freshwater

### Overview  
  
Unimproved/No sanitation access reflects the percentage of the population using pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging/bucket latrines, or directly disposing human waste in fields, forests, bushes, open bodies of water, beaches, other open spaces, or with solid waste [(WHO and UNICEF 2017)](https://washdata.org/data). Specifically, the indicator aligns with the unimproved and open defecation categories of the Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP)—the lowest tiers of sanitation services. Higher values indicate areas where people have less access to improved sanitation services. These values were then converted into risk scores based on the thresholds defined in the methodology. These risk scores range from low (<2.5%) to extremely high water stress (>20%). The JMP statistics have been disaggregated from the country level to the sub-basin scale (HydroBASIN level 6) using gridded urban and rural population data.   
  
### Methodology  
  
Data for this indicator came from the 2015 sanitation access rates published by JMP [(WHO and UNICEF 2017)](https://washdata.org/data) for urban and rural populations per country. Specifically, this indicator used the unimproved and open defecation statistics. 

  
  
First, country level data were matched to the Aqueduct sub-basin scale using a one-to-one geospatial intersection between Aqueduct sub-basins and countries (henceforth called intersect). 

  
  
Next, the gridded 2010 population data [(van Vuuren et al. 2007)](https://www.pbl.nl/en/publications/2006/DownscalingDriversOfGlobalEnvironmentalChangeScenarios) was parsed into urban and rural classes using a 2010 urban extent data layer [(van Huijstee et al. 2018)](https://www.pbl.nl/en/publications/towards-an-urban-preview). The total urban and rural populations were then summed per intersect.

  
  
Within each intersect, the urban and rural rates of access were multiplied by the urban and rural populations, respectively, and then were added together to find the number of people with access to unimproved/no sanitation. Results were aggregated up from the intersect scale to the HydroBASIN 6 scale. 

  
  
Within each HydroBASIN 6 sub-basin, the population with access to unimproved/no sanitation was  divided by the total population to find the percent of population with access to unimproved/no sanitation. 

  
  
Finally, raw unimproved/no sanitation access values were converted to risk scores between 0 and 5, based on quantiles. These scores were placed into categories indicating how high the risk for this indicator is. The thresholds for raw unimproved/no sanitation access values and the corresponding risk scores that were used in each category are defined below as Risk Category (Risk Scores): Raw Value Thresholds.
- Low (0-1): < 2.5%
- Low to medium (1-2): 2.5 - 5.0%
- Medium to high (2-3): 5.0 - 10.0%
- High (3-4): 10.0 - 20.0%
- Extremely high (4-5): >20.0%

  
  
For the full documentation, please see the source [methodology](https://www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-30).  
  
### Additional Information  
  
Resource Watch shows only a subset of the dataset. For access to the full dataset and additional information, click on the “Learn more” button.  
  
### Disclaimer  
  
Excerpts of this description page were taken from the source metadata.

PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL)

Unimproved or No Sanitation, Aqueduct 3.0

wat-061-aqueduct-unimproved-or-no-sanitation-access-rw

aqueduct

Aqueduct

2015 Unimproved/No Sanitation Access

Measures the percentage of population using pit latrines without a slab or platform, or a hanging or bucket latrine

Aqueduct

Aqueduct Unimproved or No Sanitation Access

2015 Unimproved/No Sanitation Access